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HomeMy WebLinkAbout04.c. Receive AgLantis/CoCo San Sustainable Farm 2020 Annual Report and updateItem 4.c. May 3, 2021 T O: R E A L E S TAT E, E NV I R O NME NTA L A ND P L A NNI NG C O MMI T T E E F RO M :D A NE A G E MME L L , P L A NNI NG A ND D E V E L O P ME NT S E RV I C E S D I V I S I O N MA NA G E R RE V IE WE D B Y:J E A N-MA R C P E T I T, D I R E C TO R O F E NG I NE E R I NG A ND T E C HNI C A L S E RV I C E S R O G E R S. B A I L E Y, G E NE R A L MA NA G E R S UB J E C T: R E C E I V E A G L A NT I S/C O C O S A N S US TA I NA B L E FA R M 2020 A NNUA L R E P O RT A ND UP D AT E C entral San approved the L ease A greement (L ease) with Ag L antis f or the C oC o S an Sustainable F arm Project (F arm) on A pril 17, 2014 with a 10-year term that expires on A pril 16, 2024. T he terms of the L ease provide f or an A nnual R eport and an updated B usiness and S trategic Plan to be submitted annually by April 1st of each year. A gL antis submitted its 2020 Annual Report on April 1, 2021, and included its planned activities f or the following year. Ag L antis is farming approximately 0.5 acre of the 14.8 acre site. Notable accomplishments for 2020 include donation of 25,000 pounds of produce to non-profits (C ontra C osta/Solano F ood Bank and W hite Pony E xpress) and sponsoring 7 Mt. Diablo Unif ied School District’s high school internships through the 2020 Summer Workf orce I nnovation and Opportunity Act (W I O A ) program. Ag L antis received donations of time and service and extended irrigation lines on the f arm, extension of the apron f or the recycled asphalt driveway onto the f arm, and some improvements to the hoop propagation greenhouse. Milani E ngineering also donated services toward the site improvement plans submitted to the C ounty f or the permanent A graTech greenhouse. T hese plans were last commented by the C ounty in September 2020 and have been in process since 2019. L ast year, Ag L antis submitted the following 5-Year P lan with perf ormance metrics, which was approved by the B oard. Many of the planned activities were curtailed or delayed by the pandemic. "AgL antis 5-Year P lan F ood Equity. We are going to change our focus to developing the field crops, because of the extraordinary increased need f or f ood, with expected national food shortages. Over the next five years we hope to put about 8-10 acres of crops into production. T hat requires irrigation to be installed, beds to be cut, developed, weeded, planted, maintained, harvested and distributed. Education. We will continue to educate the community through social media outreach. I f possible, we will have interns this summer and every summer. I f possible, we will continue on farm educational events and May 3, 2021 REEP Committee Meeting Agenda Packet - Page 18 of 40 Page 1 of 17 presentations in the community. We teach our volunteers and we plan to continue to involve hundreds of people, if the public health situation allows. Environment. We will continue to practice regenerative agriculture to demonstrate the value of these practices. We will continue to teach the community methods that they can protect the environment and about other environmental protection issues such as recycled water. I f possible, we will continue to have students engaged at the farm and demonstrate I ntegrated Pest Management and other sound environmental practices. Economic Development. We also hope that we will be able to erect the S olar L ight greenhouse and begin to equip and start some operations. F ull operation will necessitate connecting to an energy source, probably a P G&E pole on the North end of the f arm. I rrigation to the greenhouse must be installed to operate. F und-raising. We are attending J ohn F. Kennedy University's (J F K U) F undraising Academy (now online). We are creating a fund-raising plan. A mong other strategies, we want to make a video about the farm and create a crowd-funding campaign, as well as continue to raise money through grants, special events and other methods we have used in the past. We will continue to seek in-kind contributions f rom the community." Strategic Plan Tie-I n G O A L O N E: Customer and C ommunity Strategy 2 – Maintain a positive reputation G O A L TH R EE: Fiscal R esponsibility Strategy 2 – Ensure integrity and transparency in financial management AT TAC HM E NT S : D escription 1. Ag L antis 2020 A nnual R eport submitted on A pril 1, 2021 May 3, 2021 REEP Committee Meeting Agenda Packet - Page 19 of 40 Page 2 of 17 1 AgLantis: CoCo San Sustainable Farm ANNUAL REPORT on PERFORMANCE AGREEMENT Submitted April 1, 2021 REPORTING PERIOD: January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020 PROGRAM OVERVIEW AgLantis and the CoCo San Sustainable Farm have four major foci: 1) Food Equity and Public Health 2) Environment 3) Education 4) Economic Development and Job Training 1) Food Equity and Public Health Urban farming with recycled water which is otherwise wasted, can provide a fresh produce to feed those suffering from hunger and poor nutrition. One of the primary purposes of the CoCo San Sustainable Farm is to grow fresh produce and donate or sell it for a low cost to the Contra Costa/Solano Food Bank, local non-profits who distribute food to poor and/or local schools and students needing food. We have not charged anything for donations to non- May 3, 2021 REEP Committee Meeting Agenda Packet - Page 20 of 40 Page 3 of 17 AgLantis Annual Report for 2020 2 profits. A few volunteers have purchased produce. We have not sold to the general community. Harvest Donated: We spent early years on the farm building soil, because this land was a clean fill project of minerals with topsoil taken away, hence it was bereft of organic material. We covered the farm with 2 feet of mulch and 2 foot of organic horse manure (carbon and nitrogen) and waited for rain and microbes to create a planting medium. Finally, in fall 2018 after drought years, we just irrigated, planted and prayed that the recycled water would break down the materials we had added as amendments. Our first year of production (2018-2019) provided overwhelming proof of concept. We donated over 12,000 pounds of produce from ¼ acre. Our second year in production (2019- 2020), we doubled the land cultivated and more than doub led our production. We donated over 25,000 pounds of fresh produce to the Contra Costa/Solano Food Bank (501c3) and White Pony Express (501c3) another charity distributor. Several hundred pounds of “ugly vegetables” were given to volunteers or purchased by volunteers. We used regenerative agriculture methods (organic, no-till, IPM, etc.). May 3, 2021 REEP Committee Meeting Agenda Packet - Page 21 of 40 Page 4 of 17 AgLantis Annual Report for 2020 3 Our years of building soil fertility paid off with productivity many times greater than normal for an urban farm. We grew a wide variety of crops including: zucchini, winter squash, tomatoes, potatoes, kale, lettuce, pumpkins, chard, peppers, eggplant, melons, cabbage, broccoli, romanesco, cauliflower, leeks, green onions, parsley, sage, thyme, dill, basil, rosemary and other herbs. We were excited to see that our crops flourished in our amended soil and grew abundantly in recycled water. The quality of the produce was very good. Alameda Master Gardener Sylvia Ramos spent her 3 week vacation working on the farm (pictured above). This success happened despite losing much of our early 2020 winter crops. In mid November an adjacent tenant on the property repeatedly sprayed recycled asphalt grindings into the air without watering as they were doing the grinding. Dr. Rob Bennaton the University of California Cooperative Extension Bay Area Urban Agriculture Advisor for Contra Costa and Alameda counties was standing on the farm one of the days that this happened. He instructed us that we must throw away all of our current crops, as there was no way to know if this fossil fuel based spray could be entirely washed off the harvest. W e also were unable to plant crops in Fall 2020 due to cancellations by volunteers due to unhealthy air from fires. Extrapolating to growing field crops on about 10 acres (5 acres for buildings and roads and other infrastructure), we could eventually grow and donate hundreds of thousands of pounds of produce, assuming we had the resources needed. We had about 300,000 hungry or nutritionally challenged people in Contra Costa County before the pandemic. This has nearly doubled in the last year of the pandemic. May 3, 2021 REEP Committee Meeting Agenda Packet - Page 22 of 40 Page 5 of 17 AgLantis Annual Report for 2020 4 There are 5000 acres of buffer lands around Contra Costa sanit ary/sanitation districts. Others could now replicate our model, no matter how poor their current soil. Our sanitary/sanitation districts have the capacity to make a huge impact on hunger and nutritional poverty in the county, assuming we can get people to eat the nutritious food (which is someone else’s job!). We believe this is one reason that the 2019 Water Reuse Conference in San Diego honored this project. 2019 International Water Reuse Conference Poster, San Diego, CA (See 2nd from Right) Farm Infrastructure 2020: Irrigation System: County Quarry dug a trench to extend the irrigation line to the hoop greenhouse, which we completed and a quick connect is installed in the greenhouse. May 3, 2021 REEP Committee Meeting Agenda Packet - Page 23 of 40 Page 6 of 17 AgLantis Annual Report for 2020 5 County Quarry also dug hundreds of feet of irrigation trenches for irrigation main and header. Ed Fields, a retired Electrical Engineer from the University of California, Berkeley is teaching volunteers and installing the irrigation system. Hoop Greenhouse: Volunteers painted several coats of paint on our hoop propagation greenhouse to preserve the wood end walls. Some of the paint was from the Central San Household Hazardous Waste facility. We installed a floor of sheets of cardboard and mulch in the greenhouse, demonstrating that concrete, which is environmentally damaging, is unnecessary. We completed the irrigation system to the greenhouse and now have installed the plastic roof (in 2021). The plastic is expected to last about 3 years, so we waited to install that until after the irrigation was installed and we were ready to use the greenhouse for propagation (2021). May 3, 2021 REEP Committee Meeting Agenda Packet - Page 24 of 40 Page 7 of 17 AgLantis Annual Report for 2020 6 Driveway Entrance Apron: Hamilton Tree Company extended the apron of the recycled asphalt driveway onto the farm because we were having difficulty accessing the farm in heavy rains due to heavy mud at the entrance. This is a temporary extension until we install the final asphalt driveways at this entrance which will be firetruck ready. We have been incredibly fortunate that our corporate donors Grant Hamilton of Hamilton Tree and Ecomulch and Chris Gray of County Quarry have donated so much tractor and heavy machine work to the farm. We may need to purchase a multipurpose UTV like a Bobcat Toolcat or a small tractor to bring the farm into full production. Currently, local businesses have donated tractor work, including County Quarry and EcoMulch/Hamilton Tree Company. May 3, 2021 REEP Committee Meeting Agenda Packet - Page 25 of 40 Page 8 of 17 AgLantis Annual Report for 2020 7 Solar Light Greenhouse: The donation of the Solar Light Greenhouse by AgraTech has been a Public Works processing nightmare because of the slow turnaround time for each submission. There is great potential for the greenhouse to add value to the farm and economic development for the county and region by demonstrating low water use, hydroponics growing. However, the county seems unable to process the application in anything less than 6 or 7 months for each set of comments.. Hence, we are no longer hopeful about this project. W e are focused on feeding those in need with our the field crops. Land Use Permit: The Land Use Permit application was submitted in February 21, 2019. It has been revised per request several times since AgLantis took the lead on the processing. Our updates responded to Public Works’ comments and requests. After each resubmission, Public Works made additional new comments and requests. Each time it takes Public Works averages about 6 months to respond. Our engineer, Mike Milani, P.E., submitted responses to the last set of comments about 7 months ago around 9-24-20. Fire and Water Tanks: In 2019, the Fire Marshall approved our fire plans, including plumbing plans and road design and other improvements. And the new fire chief approved our use of recycled water in our five 5,000 gallon storage tanks which have been delivered. However, they said that we were the only site in Contra Costa County that could do this. We got our foot in the door, at least. The water tanks are empty and plumbing is awaiting approval from Public Works. . Road: County Quarry has donated recycled asphalt and promised to build the farm roads with recycled asphalt if Public Works ever approves the project. Then, they will need to be topped with regular asphalt per fire standards. Structural Engineering Upgrades for California Building Code: A structural engineering firm was hired in 2019 to provide the list of necessary parts to upgrade the greenhouse to current California Building Code. They will send a letter to update the date on their specs and plans to be submitted if Public Works ever approves the project Building Permit. After all of the other departments have approved, we will obtain our Building Permit for the AgraTech Solar Light Greenhouse. 2) ENVIRONMENT: Protection and Enhancement Ecological Restoration, Fertility and Hydrology: The years we spent many years building soil fertility and restoring the hydrology of the barren dirt that was imported from all over the county prior to our taking possession of the property have paid off. The soil is rich in organic matter and very fertile and productive. The mulch and manure have also begun to restore the hydrologic cycle on this land by increasing water content of the soil even in dry months. Heavy rains are now absorbed by the farm without visible runoff. The soil is now acting like a giant sponge, holding the rains and retaining moisture even in the dry season. Everything Professor Bethallyn Black , M.A. (long- appointed Contra Costa County Resource Conservation District Board Member; Master Gardener, organic farmer for life) predicted has been demonstrated. May 3, 2021 REEP Committee Meeting Agenda Packet - Page 26 of 40 Page 9 of 17 AgLantis Annual Report for 2020 8 Cover Crops: The perennial mustard crop self-seeded and extended vigorously with 2020 winter rains. Field radishes which break up compaction also self-seeded and flourished. Carbon Sequestration in Soil. AgLantis demonstrates and teaches sustainable methods that decrease GHG emissions and sequester carbon. We use principles of agroecology and regenerative agriculture. Much of our public education outreach is about how to increase carbon sequestration in soil and increase water retention. Cover crops sequester carbon, as does any plant life. This year we covered about 1/3 of the farm with mulch donated by EcoMulch. This mulch protects the soil microbes, providing carbohydrates and shade and increasing the hydrologic cycle. During drought mulch is a good substitute for a cover crop. Water Reuse, NPK and Micronutrients. The farm demonstrates that recycled water is fantastic for growing fresh produce. We used no additional fertilizers because Central San’s recycled water has Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium and micronutrients needed to sustain plant health. Our produce and herbs were vigorous and lush. We utilized an otherwise wasted precious resource. Our farm was so productive that one volunteer harvested and donated over 900 pounds of produce in one morning. May 3, 2021 REEP Committee Meeting Agenda Packet - Page 27 of 40 Page 10 of 17 AgLantis Annual Report for 2020 9 Winter Squash Curing in the Warehouse donated to White Pony Express Low Electricity Use. Pumping water uses about 10% of the electricity used in the state of California. Growing food adjacent to a water reclamation facility greatly reduces the GHGs due to electricity generation for water pumping. Our farm demonstrates the value of placing urban farms next to water reclamation/recycling facilities, especially on public buffer land. This dramatically reduces the total amount of electricity required to irrigate crops because water pressure from being close to the source substitutes for pumps. We also do not use electricity for our irrigation system. All of our irrigation controllers are battery operated with 9 volt batteries, which last about one year. Integrated Pest Management (IPM), No-pesticides and No Fossil Fuel Based Fertilizers. We use organic IPM to grow our crops and intercropping strategies (putting crops next to each other that attract insects that eat the other crops predators or repel the other crops predators) and the produce flourished. Pesticides are not only toxic to humans, but they also kill the micro-organisms that work with plants to sink CO2 into the soil and increase soil organic matter. We now have many bee hives on the farm and we need to provide safe food sources year round. Reducing the Carbon Footprint of Food by Reducing Transportation. By growing right in the middle of an urban area, we dramatically reducing the GHGs due to transportation miles from farm-to-fork. We delivered our harvests to the Contra Costa/Solano Food Bank and White Pony Express (501c-3) which are both within a few miles of the farm. 3) EDUCATION: 2020 Summer Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) Internship: Mt. Diablo Unified School District’s (MDUSD) WIOA assigned us 7 paid High School student internships May 3, 2021 REEP Committee Meeting Agenda Packet - Page 28 of 40 Page 11 of 17 AgLantis Annual Report for 2020 10 in summer 2020 (https://www.doleta.gov/wioa/) of which 5 completed the internship (2 found jobs). One of these interns had interned with us in 2019. Due to Covid 19, students were not allowed to come to the farm. Instead, we did a ZOOM internship and met four days per week for about an hour. We decided to focus on marketing the farm for fund-raising. We all learned about crowd funding together and the students were brilliant and we had a lot of fun. The intern from 2019 and 2020 was struggling to complete high school and was years behind in school when he started with us. With our guidance and assistance he took classes at Diablo Valley College where he received both high school and college credits. He has now completed high school (February 2021) and is going to attend college. (He is working to obtain another WIOA internship with us in 2021) Public Education via Press Coverage: We received considerable press coverage this year, reaching tens of thousands of readers. This press coverage provide much public education about the value of recycled water. https://edibleeastbay.com/2020/07/19/coco -san-sustainable-farm-2/ https://civileats.com/2020/12/17/is-farming-with-reclaimed-water-the-solution-to-a-drier-future/ https://www.salon.com/2020/12/31/is-farming-with-reclaimed-water-the-solution-to-a-drier- future_partner/ https://watereuse.org/educate/water-reuse-101/agricultural-reuse/ Community Education of Volunteers Despite Covid 19, hundreds of volunteers came to the farm. It was a great opportunity for families to spend time together and get some exercise and learn. W e always included an educational component. We focus on regenerative agriculture methods and healthy soils impact on soil organic matter and impact for maintaining moisture in soil. We describe the impact of unhealthy and health soil on climate change. In particular, we explained how we regenerated barren soil, the climate benefits of our no-till methods, and how cover crops sequester carbon in soil. We also talk about the benefits of using recycled water for agriculture, explaining what recycled water is and why it is safe and how to use safely. Ed Fields, E.E. taught volunteers the basics of irrigation. Social Media Educational Outreach: AgLantis has a social media public education reach on Facebook and Instagram and reaches the public with information about recycled water and water reuse, regenerative agriculture, increasing soil organic matter, carbon sequestration in soil, climate change, restoring hydrologic cycle, carbon cycle, ecosystem restoration and other environmental topics. We also promote Central San’s Household Hazardous Waste facility. Tens of thousands of people are reached through social media. https://www.facebook.com/aglantis https://www.facebook.com/groups/383856271668096 https://www.instagram.com/cocosansustainablefarm/ May 3, 2021 REEP Committee Meeting Agenda Packet - Page 29 of 40 Page 12 of 17 AgLantis Annual Report for 2020 11 Volunteer Websites: AgLantis has signed up with several volunteer websites. Each of these provide public education to those volunteers who read about the opportunity, whether or not they sign up. For instance, https://www.meetup.com/CoCo-Urban-Farm-Meetup-Group/ We also have information posted on statewide websites and Silicone Valley websites. https://www.volunteermatch.org/search/opp3298155.jsp https://causes.benevity.org/causesapp/dashboard/840-464634430 4) ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT and JOB TRAINING: Our WIOA Internship taught our students job skills, particularly ZOOM etiquette such as how close to sit to the screen, no eating or walking around while screen is on, how to dress and other such basics. We all learned how to interact naturally. The primary focus of the internship was “Learning to Learn” about something that you know nothing about. They learned how to break a problem down into components, resources for learning about each component, how to put the whole package back together after learning about the components. Knowing how to learn new material is critical on any job, as many jobs require workers to learn about something where they have no prior knowledge that seems relevant. They need to be able to approach a new topic with confidence. We also briefly had two interns from the county WIOA program. Those internships required us to be at the farm 5 days a week and that was a considerable burden, so we may not do this again. 5) SCALABLE Water reclamation facilities in Contra Costa County discharge approximately 100 million gallons of water per dry day into the Bay waterways. They also have over 5000 acres of buffer land. Other sanitary/sanitation districts have expressed interest in replicating our farm. Now that we have proof of concept with a high level of product from our land, we can pursue other districts and encourage them to start farms. The local food bank and non-profits have experienced great demand since the Covid-19 shutdowns of businesses and our farm is more important than ever. Food shortages have approximately doubled from 300,000 people needing food assistance in our county to approximately 550,000 according to news reports. We need to foster replications at other sanitary/sanitation districts. May 3, 2021 REEP Committee Meeting Agenda Packet - Page 30 of 40 Page 13 of 17 AgLantis Annual Report for 2020 12 6) PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS FOR 2021 Capital and other improvements planned for 2021 include the following, but are once again dependent upon Public Works approval for the first three items: 1. Install more recycled water mainline and headers and dripline to new planting beds; 2. Cover greenhouse with plastic; 3. Grow seedlings in greenhouse; 4. Increase produce donations as much as 100%; 5. Engage and teach students; 6. Continue public education, especially about recycled water and other environmental protection methods; 7. Work with interns from local high school to facilitate job skills; 8. Plant small citrus trees and small perennial shrubs; 9. Provide more beneficial plants for bees, butterflies, etc.; 10. Continue practices that enhance carbon sequestration and other environmental protection; 11. Continue to engage with engineer and county if possible to move forward on improvements first submitted to Public Works over two years ago in February 2019. 7) NUMBER OF VOLUNTEERS Hundreds people have volunteered in some capacity and some have volunteered many times. Volunteer activities include, but are not limited to: hoop greenhouse construction; civil engineering; surveying, trenching, cutting new rows with tractor, spreading mulch and manure with tractor and other big equipment, Integrated Pest Management consulting; installing irrigation, distributing food to Food Bank and other non-profits, teaching, organic farming consulting, building planting beds, planting seeds, weeding, harvesting, donating materials, donating trucking; videography, organizing, cooking, serving and otherwise helping with the events; in addition to all the tasks and jobs completed by the AgLantis Board members and those who help them directly and indirectly. May 3, 2021 REEP Committee Meeting Agenda Packet - Page 31 of 40 Page 14 of 17 AgLantis Annual Report for 2020 13 8) ALUC (Airport Land Use Commission) Term Sheet and BIRD and WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT Birds were managed by covering much of the property with crops, cover crops and thick mulch which prevented birds from reaching worms and weed seeds. Only an occasional bird was been seen on the farm. We had a southwest area of the farm under crop production. Some of our crops were covered with cloth during early growth phase. We heavily watered the seeds or planted just before rain, which deters birds from eating the seeds. We rarely see birds on our planting beds, whether covered or uncovered. We did not see Canadian geese this winter, despite being on the farm frequently. The noise of the surrounding heavy industry on the property may have scared them away. We saw a few mammals on the farm this year, including coyotes, a few ground squirrels which were coyote food and large jack rabbits (some being chased by coyotes). All of our crops and activities complied with the ALUC Term sheet. 9. ANNUAL FINANCIAL REPORT 2020 Operating Expenses (rounded): Rent ($1); Utilities ($200); Insurance ($3,227); Seed and Equipment ($2,844); Transportation ($378); Office and Administration ($465); Contractors ($312); Entertainment ($189); Fees PayPal ($35) = $7,651 Indirect Contributions: Donations of mulch, compost, spreading compost and manure, plants, trenching, plowing and irrigation equipment, engineering, surveying, trucking, transportation costs, legal and financial, teaching time, cooking, planting, weeding, harvesting, organizing, fund-raising, etc. include thousands of hours of time donated and many hundreds of professional services, labor, materials and gas and equipment. The community has generously donated to make this urban farm a reality. Profit (Loss) and Cash Flow: Financial Income and Expenses Income: Direct Public Support: $53,488 Interest: $3 TOTAL INCOME: $53,491 Expenses: $ TOTAL EXPENSES: $7,651 Cash Assets at the Beginning of the Year: $2,214 Cash Assets at the End of the Year: $ 48,089 Cash Deposits with Agencies: $5,500 (not used) + Public Works Deposit of 2/21/2019 @ $6,937 (amount used is unknown) Non-Monetary Contributions: In-Kind Donations Valuation: $2,000 May 3, 2021 REEP Committee Meeting Agenda Packet - Page 32 of 40 Page 15 of 17 AgLantis Annual Report for 2020 14 Volunteer Hours: 4000 @ California's average is $29.95 per hour = $119,800 Misc. Pro Bono Services Including Heavy Equipment and Work: = $20,000.00 Professional Engineering: $5,000.00 Donated Mileage: 3000 miles @.14 charitable mileage rate: $420 Total Estimated Non-Monetary Contributions: $147,220 Balance Sheet: Statement of Financial Position: See Exhibit 1 Attached May 3, 2021 REEP Committee Meeting Agenda Packet - Page 33 of 40 Page 16 of 17 AgLantis Annual Report for 2020 15 Exhibit 1: 2021 Operating Budget Due to Covid-19 Budget is Highly Speculative AgLantis Breakeven Analysis For Year Ending 12/31/2021 Projected Donations, Grants & Contracts 40,000 Fixed Costs: Contractors 1,000 Rent 26 Payroll taxes 0 Travel & Ent 1,000 Prof. & Acctg 1,000 Equipment 15,000 Insurance 4,000 Interest 300 Rep & Maint. 1,000 Util. & Phone 500 Office & Administration 2,000 Other Taxes 30 Other Expense (if start to build Solar Light Greenhouse) 10,000 Total Fixed Costs 35,856 Cost of Goods Sold Percentage 0% Breakeven 35,856 May 3, 2021 REEP Committee Meeting Agenda Packet - Page 34 of 40 Page 17 of 17