HomeMy WebLinkAbout05. Information on Closed Sessions5.
555 12`h Street, Suite 1500
Oakland, California 94607
tel (510) 808 -2000
fax (510) 444 -1108
www.meyersnave.com
meyers nave
December 2, 2015
Board of Directors
Mr. Roger Bailey
CENTRAL CONTRA COSTA SANITARY
DISTRICT
5019 Imhoff Place
Martinez, CA 94553
Re: Closed Session Minutes
Dear Board Members and Mr. Bailey:
Kenton L. Alm
Attorney at Law
Direct Dial: (510) 808 -2081
kalm @meyersnave.com
Attached is a memo of October 16, 2015, which I believe is responsive to the question
presented at the workshop dealing with reports from closed session. Separately attached is a
memo from Elaine with regard to whether District secretaries or city clerks typically attend
closed sessions and how closed session minutes are retained.
With regard to announcements of actions taken following closed sessions, the short answer is
that most final decisions must be announced in open session and the votes for and against the
final decision shall be provided.
As the memo from Elaine notes, statutes provide the authority for a district secretary or other
designated person to attend closed sessions for the purpose of maintaining confidential
minutes. Her memo also notes that a number of agencies do not have the district secretary
attend the closed sessions. Although there is no statutory requirement to have a minute
keeper present, I believe the better practice is to have a designated person present in the
closed session to take closed session minutes in a confidential journal or to be recorded in a
confidential District file. The attorney, a general manager, or a person such as the district
secretary may be delegated that responsibility. The minutes should be very brief action
minutes designed to only record Board interim actions and directions taken along with final
actions and a record of the votes.
It is both my preference that closed session minutes in fact be taken and that the person
charged with presentation of the closed session materials not typically be the person
designated to take and keep the minutes. Moreover, I feel the permanent record of the
Board of Directors
Mr. Roger Bailey
CENTRAL CONTRA COSTA SANITARY DISTRICT
December 2, 2015
Page 2
minutes, whether in a journal or a private computer file, should be kept by a District
employee and not by myself or other closed session presenters, such as the District's labor
negotiator.
I certainly will make myself available to discuss these issues with Board members
individually or in a more public setting.
Very truly yours,
/s /Kenton L. Alm
Kenton L. Alm
Attorney at Law
KLA: ms
Attachments (2)
2558271.1
55512`" Street, Suite 1500
Oakland, California 94607
tel (510) 808 -2000
fax (510) 444 -1108
www.meyersnave.com
meyers nave
Kenton L. Alm
Attorney at Law
Direct Dial: (510) 808 -2081
kalm @meyersnave.com
DATE: October 16, 2015
TO: Board of Directors
Central Contra Costa Sanitary District
FROM: Kenton L. Alm, District Counsel
BY: Laura McKinney, Attorney
RE- Reporting Requirements after Action Taken during Closed Sessions
The Central Contra Costa Sanitary District Board (Board) has requested that it be provided
with a memorandum setting forth its obligations under the Brown Act (Gov't Code' § 54950
et seq.) to report actions taken during a closed session.
A Roll Call Vote Must be Reported out after a Closed Session on Reportable Actions
Following a closed session, section 54957.1(a) requires that the Board must report particular
actions "taken in closed session and the vote or abstention on that action of every member
present." The report may be made either orally or in writing. (§ 54957.1(b).)
The Plain Language of the Statute
The plain language of section 54957.1(a) indicates that a tally of the votes in favor, in
opposition and in abstention (referred to herein as a "tally ") is not sufficient and, instead,
"the vote or abstention ... of every member present" must be reported. (Emphasis supplied.)
In other words, it requires that a report of the votes attributable to each Board member
present at the closed session (referred to herein as a "roll call vote ") be publicly announced
on reportable actions.
Legislative History
Although the plain language of this provision is fairly unambiguous, the legislative history
further supports this interpretation. The Attorney General has set forth the origin of this
provision in a 1980 opinion. It states:
[S]ection 54957.1 was added as part of Senate Bill No. 1, 1975 Regular Session. As
initially proposed, the substance of the amendment was initially proposed as an
addition to the California Public Records Act, as section 6254.5, subdivision (b)
Board of Directors
October 16, 2015
Page 2
thereof. Thus, the April 16, 1975, amendment to the bill added proposed subdivision
(b) as follows:
`(b) The legislative body of any state or local agency shall, at each meeting which is
open and public pursuant to the provisions of this chapter, read the minutes of any
meeting held since the preceding open and public meeting of such agency.'
The April 24, 1975, amendment to Senate Bill No. 1 modified such proposal to read:
`(b) The legislative body of any state or local agency shall publicly report any action
taken, and the roll call vote thereon, in any prior executive session.'
Thus, at this juncture, the proposed law would have required the reporting of any
action taken at an executive session. Thereafter, on May 5, 1975, Senate Bill No. 1
was amended so as to transfer the substance of proposed section 6254.5(b) to
proposed section 54957. 1, as subdivision (b) thereof, but amended to state:
`(b) The legislative body of any local agency shall publicly report at a subsequent
public meeting any action taken, and the roll call vote thereon, to appoint, employ, or
dismiss a public employee arising out of any executive session of the legislative
body.'
Proposed subdivision (a) of section 54957.1 was subsequently deleted from the bill,
and it was this wording, which was enacted as section 54957.1.
63 Cal. Op. Att'y Gen. 215 (1980)
Therefore, from its inception, section 54957.1 required public reporting of a roll call vote and
not just a tally. It appears that this version of section 54957.1 remained in effect until 1994
when AB 1426 went into effect.
AB 1426 significantly expanded the requirements to report out actions taken in closed
session. It amended section 54957.1 by adding subdivision(a) to state, "The legislative body
of any local agency shall publicly report any action taken in closed session and the vote or
abstention of every member present thereon, as follows:"
The Legislative Council's Digest described the proposed amendments in this manner:
"The Ralph M. Brown Act requires the legislative body to publicly report closed- session
actions taken and roll call votes to appoint, employ, or dismiss a public employee.
This bill would instead require the legislative body to publicly report any action taken in
closed session and the vote or abstention of every member present on real estate negotiations,
litigation and pending litigation issues with specified exceptions, claims for various liability
losses, various personnel actions, and certain collective bargaining matters. The bill would
prohibit any action for injury to reputation, liberty, or other personal interest by an employee
or former employee with respect to whom a disclosure is made by a legislative body in an
Board of Directors
October 16, 2015
Page 3
effort to comply with these provisions. The bill would prescribe how the reports are to be
made and would require a brief statement of the information to be posted, as specified,
thereby imposing a state - mandated local program."
1993 Cal. Legis. Serv. Ch. 1136 (A.B. 1426)
There is no indication that the 1993 amendments were intended to remove the requirement to
report out a roll call vote on reportable closed session actions. Instead, the legislative history
indicates that the amendments were intended to expand the requirement that each voting (or
abstaining) member's vote was to be reported out with regard to additional closed session
actions.
This interpretation is further supported by legislative analysis of SB 751 which was passed in
2013 and became law in 2014. It states "[f]or closed meetings and meetings conducted by
teleconference, the Brown Act requires local agencies' legislative bodies to report the votes
of individual officials. These provisions enable the public to be aware ofhow individual
boards members vote when the vote is not taken in the public's presence. State law does not
require local agencies to report individual officials' votes that are cast during open meetings.
Critics have raised concern that for local agencies with large legislative bodies, the absence
of either a roll call vote or a specific tally and report of the votes of each member of a board,
it can be difficult to determine who voted for or against a measure when actions are taken.
For example, the minutes of a May 17, 2012, meeting of the Association of Bay Area
Governments report that a motion received 27 ayes and 5 nays, without listing the votes of
individual members. SB 751 -- 4/11/13 -- Page 2 Proposed Law Senate Bill 751 requires
local agencies that are both a Metropolitan Planning Organization and a transportation
planning agency to publicly report any action taken and to report the individual vote or
abstention of each member present."
April 25, 2013, Senate Governance and Finance Committee Bill Analysis (S.B. 751).
(Emphasis supplied.)
It is important to note that SB 751 amended the Brown Act (section 54953) with the exact
same language present in section 54957.1 in order to accomplish its stated purpose.
Case Law
Moreover, the case of Galbiso v. Orosi Pub. Util. Dist. (2010) 182 Cal. App. 4th 652
supports the interpretation that reporting out a tally is insufficient to comply with section
54957.1. In that case, the plaintiff requested that the court issue an order declaring that the
agency must report out "what the decision [or] action was, the person who made the motion,
the person who seconded the motion, and the persons who voted for and against the motion"
after a closed session in order to comply with the Brown Act. (Id. at 671.) The court denied
the requested relief finding it "unnecessary" in part because "a legislative body's duties to
publicly report any actions taken in closed session and the votes of each member are clearly
spelled out in statute." (Id.) (Emphasis supplied .)2
Board of Directors
October 16, 2015
Page 4
Thus, the plain language of the statute, its legislative history and applicable case law all
support the conclusion that the Board must report the roll call vote made on reportable
actions in order to comply with the Brown Act. However, the timing and contents of the
report depend on the nature of the closed session as discussed below.
Litigation
The Board may meet with its legal advisors in closed session to discussion existing litigation,
threatened litigation or whether to initiate litigation pursuant to section 54956.9.
Reportable Actions
The following actions must be reported in open session at the public meeting
following the closed session held under section 54956.9: (1) whether or not to appeal
a particular detennination in a pending litigation; (2) to enter as an amicus curiae in
any form of litigation; (3) to initiate or intervene in an action unless doing so would
jeopardize the Board's ability to serve an unserved party or conclude settlement
negotiations; or (4) approval of a final settlement. (§ 54957.1(a)(2) and (3).)
Real Estate Negotiations
The Board may meet with its negotiator to discuss the sale, purchase, exchange or lease of
real property in order to discuss price and terms of payment pursuant to section 54956.8.
Reportable Actions
If the Board approves an agreement in closed session and that approval renders it
final, then it must report the approval and the substance of the agreement in the open
session at the public meeting following the closed session. (§ 54957. 1 (a)(1)(A).)
However, if final approval rests with another party, then it must report the approval
and substance of the agreement when it is finally approved. (§ 54957.l(a)(1)(B).)
Public Employment
The Board may meet in closed session to consider appointment or employment of an a new
employee; to evaluate the performance, discipline or dismissal or a current employee 3; or
hear complaints or charges brought against a current employee pursuant to Section
54957(b) . The term "employee" includes "an officer or an independent contractor who
functions as an officer or an employee but shall not include any elected official, member of a
legislative body or other independent contractor." ( §54957(b)(4).)
In order to hold a closed session under this provision, the Board must have the power to
appoint, evaluate or dismiss the employee. (Gillespie v. *San Francisco Public Library
Commission (1998) 67 Cal.AppAth 1165; 85 Ops. Cal.Atty.Gen. 77 (2002).)
"The purposes of the personnel exception are (1) to protect employees from public
embarrassment and (2) to permit free and candid discussions of personnel matters by a local
Board of Directors
October 16, 2015
Page 5
governmental body. This exception should be narrowly construed." (Morrow v. Los Angeles
Unified School Dist. (2007) 149 Cal.AppAth 1424, 1438 citing Tischer v. Los Angeles
Unified School Dist. (1999) 70 Cal.AppAth 87, 96.)
Reportable Actions
The Board must report the following actions at the open session following the closed
session: 1) to appoint or employ a new employees; or 2) to dismiss or accept the
resignation of, or otherwise affect the employment status of a current employeeb.
However, the report of a dismissal or of the nonrenewal of an employment contract
shall be deferred until the first public meeting following the exhaustion of
administrative remedies, if any. ( §54957.1(a)(5).)
If the Board is inclined to negotiate a settlement with an employee it potentially may
wish to discharge, the Board could vote to communicate the negative performance
evaluation to the employee via a representative or negotiator who would be tasked
with developing an acceptable resignation or termination agreement with the
employee. The action to direct a negotiator to contact the employee would not
require a public session disclosure at that time. If an agreement with the employee is
not reached, the Board may go back into Closed Session to consider a dismissal or
other action. If a final action to dismiss an employee is now taken that action
including the vote of each Board member must be reported in open session.
Labor Negotiations
The Board may meet in closed session to review its position and instruct its designated
representatives on employee salaries and fringe benefits for both union and non -union
employees. ( §54957.6.) This may include discussion of the Board's available funds and
funding priorities, but only insofar as it relates to providing instructions to the designated
representatives. (1d.) Also, for union employees, the Board may discuss any other matter
within the statutorily provided scope of representation. (Id.) The Board can also meet in
closed session with a state conciliator who has intervened in negotiations under this
provision. (1d.)
Reportable Actions
After a union has accepted or ratified an agreement, the Board must report out final
approval of an agreement concluding labor negotiations with the union.
( §54957.1(a)(6).) The report must identify the item approved and the other party or
parties to the negotiation. (Id.)
Public Security
The Board may also meet in closed session with its legal advisors, the police, the Governor,
the District Attorney, the Attorney General, a security consultant or a security operations
manager to discuss matters posing a threat to the security of public buildings, essential public
Board of Directors
October 16, 2015
Page 6
services or the public's right of access to services or facilities over which the Board has
jurisdiction. ( §54957(a).)
Reportable Actions
No report is required for action taken during a closed session under this provision.
License Applications by Applicant with Criminal Record
The Board may also meet in closed session with an applicant who has a criminal record and
his/her attorney to discuss whether he /she should be granted a license or license renewal.
( §54956.7) If the Board determines that it should deny the application, then the applicant has
an opportunity to withdraw the application and, if they elect to withdraw, then no record of
the closed session shall be kept and all matters relating to it are confidential.
Reportable Actions
If they chose not to withdraw the application, then the Board must take action at the
open session after the closed session or at its next public meeting to deny the
application. (Id.)
Draft Audit from Bureau of State Audits
If the Board has received a confidential final draft audit report from the Bureau of State
Audits, it may hold a closed session to discuss its response to the report. ( §54956.75.)
2529637.2
Reportable Actions
No report is required to be made if an action is taken under this provision.
All further code references are to the California Government Code unless specified
otherwise.
See also Gillespie v. San Francisco Public Library Com. (1998) 67 Cal.AppAth
1165, 1174, where the petitioner claimed the agency violated the Brown Act by
failing to announce the names of nominees and the "roll call vote" following a closed
session. In discussing the meaning of action taken under this section the court stated:
"The plain language of the act and the ordinance makes clear that only a candidate's
actual appointment, and not a candidate's nomination, need be reported along with
the corresponding roll call vote on the day of the action." (Emphasis added.)
"The authority of a legislative body "to consider the appointment, employment,
evaluation of performance, discipline, or dismissal of a public employee" ... includes
the authority to act on such matters as well." (85 Ops.Cal.Atty.Gen. 77 (2002) citing
Board of Directors
October 16, 2015
Page 7
Rowen v. Santa Clara Unified School District (1981) 121 Cal.App.3d 231, 236; Lucas
v. Board of Trustees (1971) 18 Cal.App.3d 988, 991 -992; and 40 Ops.Cal.Atty.Gen.
4,6 (1962).)
In this circumstance, the employee must be given at least 24 hours' notice of the
closed session and can elect to have the charges and complaint discussed in an open
session rather than a closed session. ( §54957(b)(2).)
The report must identify the title of the position, but not all the names of people
considered for that position by the Board. (Gillespie v. San Francisco Public Library
Commission (1998) 67 Cal.AppAth 1165.)
Gillespie also held that action taken under Section 54957(b) "is to be publicly
reported at the same meeting at which such action was taken." (Id. at 1174.)
Distinguishing a commission's action to nominate rather than appoint a candidate in a
closed session, the Court reasoned "[a] plain reading of these statutes compels the
conclusion that only actions taken in closed session which immediately affect the
employment status of a public official are to be reported the same day. A
commission's act of employing, dismissing, trahsfening, or accepting the resignation
of a public official has an immediate effect on that official's employment status." (Id.
at I I75.)(original emphasis.)
The Attorney General has similarly opined that "the actual appointment, employment
or dismissal of a public employee should be announced at the next public meeting of
a legislative body." (63 Ops.Cal.Atty.Gen. 215 (1980).) However, the Attorney
General further opined that other actions taken during the evaluation of an employee
in closed session should not be reported out. He reasoned "[i]t is patent that to
require a public report on all `action taken' in executive session on `personnel
matters' could effectively destroy the `personnel exception.' For example, a report
would be required that it had been decided not to dismiss an employee even if the
possible dismissal was not a matter of public knowledge. Such an announcement
would run completely counter to the purpose of section 54957 with respect to
personnel executive sessions." (Id.) (original emphasis.)
The Attorney General came to a similar conclusion in 2006 when he opined that "the
reporting requirement of section 54957. 1, subdivision (a)(5), does not apply to a
legislative body's closed- session rejection of a motion or other proposal to dismiss an
employee." (89 Ops.Cal.Atty.Gen. 110 (2006).) He reasoned this provision
" imposes a reporting duty only when the legislative body has actually taken action
`to appoint, employ, dismiss, accept the resignation of, or otherwise affect the
employment status of a public employee in closed session.' If none of these specified
types of `actions' is `taken' during the closed session, there is no duty to report the
body's deliberations or the members' votes or abstentions with respect thereto." (Id.)
2529637.2
Central Contra Costa Sanitary District
October 26, 2015
TO: ADMINISTRATION COMMITTEE
FROM: ELAINE R. BOEHME, SECRETARY OF THE DISTRICT
VIA: ROGER S. BAILEY, GENERAL MANAGER
KENTON L. ALM, DISTRICT COUNSEL
SUBJECT: PREPARATION OF CLOSED SESSION MINUTES
In response to questions concerning the requirement to prepare closed session
minutes, I reviewed the District Code as well as the California Government Code.
The District Code states that the duties of the Secretary of the District include "Produce
as appropriate the minutes and official records of Board and committee actions,
including those in closed session meetings, with the restriction that minute books
recording the topics discussed and decisions made in closed session meetings shall be
considered confidential and not subject to disclosure under the California Public
Records Act, Government Code 6250 et seq."
The California Government Code 54957.2. states that "The legislative body of a local
agency may, by ordinance or resolution, designate a clerk or other officer or employee
of the local agency who shall then attend each closed session of the legislative body
and keep and enter in a minute book a record of topics discussed and decisions made
at the meeting. The minute book made pursuant to this section is not a public record
subject to inspection pursuant to the California Public Records Act (Chapter 3.5
(commencing with Section 6250) of Division 7 of Title 1), and shall be kept confidential.
The minute book shall be available only to members of the legislative body or, if a
violation of this chapter is alleged to have occurred at a closed session, to a court of
general jurisdiction wherein the local agency lies. Such minute book may, but need not,
consist of a recording of the closed session. "
I also surveyed other special districts to see if the District Secretary attends closed
session meetings, and whether or not minutes are taken and retained of the closed
session. Below are my findings.
AGENCY
DOES DISTRICT
SECRETARY ATTEND
CLOSED SESSIONS?
ARE CONFIDENTIAL
MINUTES TAKEN OF
CLOSED SESSION?
AC Transit
Yes, all except performance
evaluations
Yes, by Secretary
Castro Valley Sanitary
District
No
No
Contra Costa Water District
No
No
Delta Diablo
No
No
Dublin San Ramon
Services District
No
No
EBMUD
No
No
Mt. View Sanitary District
No
No
Union Sanitary District
No
No
West County Wastewater
District
No
_
No - Notes taken by
GM /District Counsel
Perhaps surprisingly, most District Secretaries do not attend closed sessions. Only one
of the above agencies prepares formal confidential closed session minutes (AC Transit).
In discussion with District Counsel, he recalls that the language in the District Code was
intended to provide for the designation of a clerk or officer to keep closed session
minutes as provided for in Government Code section 54957.2. He acknowledges that
this Government Code section makes the attendance of a minute taker and the keeping
of closed session minutes optional and not mandatory. He feels that continuing with the
present practice of having the District Secretary attend litigation closed sessions, may
well be the preferable approach in most circumstances. However, if the Board seeks to
minimize those present in closed sessions, neither the District Code provision or the
Government Code provision requires attendance in the meeting of the District
Secretary. He feels it is advisable to continue preparing brief confidential minutes
containing relevant information such as attendees, direction given, votes on final actions
taken in order to ensure accurate recollections of actions taken and to have a
contemporaneously -made record available in the case of disputes on the Board
authorized actions and in the rare event of litigation concerning the appropriateness of a
closed session.
In order to minimize the number of attendees at closed session meetings, I recommend
the following approach:
After the closed session, District Counsel will provide relevant information to Secretary
of the District (i.e. members present, any votes taken on final actions and specific
direction given) who will prepare and retain the brief confidential closed session
minutes.
As is currently the practice, District Counsel will continue to report out any reportable
action in the public portion of the meeting following the closed session. If he is not in
attendance (for example, personnel matters or labor negotiations), the Board President
will report out any reportable action.