HomeMy WebLinkAbout03. (Handout) John Bartel PresentationCENTRAL CONTRA COSTA SANITATION DISTRICT
Pension Issues
Presented by John E. Bartel, President
Bartel Associates, LLC
July 16, 2014
Topic
AGENDA
CCCERA Compared to Ca1PERS
Is one system safer, cheaper, etc. than the other?
Pension Benefits
Ability to negotiate or change benefits
Defined Benefit versus Defined Contribution
Sample Alternative Plan Benefit Designs
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3
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7
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CCCERA COMPARED TO CALPERS
1 ,
• Cost for any retirement system
Contributions = Benefit Payments + Expenses — Investment Return
• Contribution policy can result in short term volatility
• Ultimately, if benefits are the same then Investment Return — Expenses
drives plan cost
Phly 16, 2014 1 AWL
F- CCCERA COMPARED TO CALPERS
Investment Return (Net of Expenses)
30.0° o - . _... _. -. ...... _.. _.
20.0 °l0 -- - -- - - -- — -
10.0 °10 = _- — - - - - -- - - - -- --
I
0.0%
` f f `I J
.10.0%
-20.0% CCCERA (12,31
-*- Ca1 PERS (6,' 30)
30.0% - -- - - -- ---------- .. -_. _ -_
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CURRENT BENEFITS I I
I I F--
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ABILITY TO NEGOTIATE OR CHANGE BENEFITS
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■ Current Employees:1
cCCD
• California Supreme Court has ruled that pension benefits are individual
vested right .... this means Board cannot unilaterally or negotiate lower
future benefit accruals unless each employee is given something of equal
or greater value
• Could negotiate to allow employees to opt into lower future accruals but:
❑ Negotiations would be very difficult and
❑ IRS has refused to rule on this when asked to do so through the
private letter ruling process
This is a legal issue and since Bartel Associates is not a law firm we strongly suggest the
(B
/ 1 July 16, 2014 4
PF(,(-&ST1
Tier 1
Tier 2
Tier 3
Membership
Pre 1/1/2011
Post 1/1/2011
Pre 1/1/2013
PEPRA
Post 1/1/2013
• Formula
• 55
• 62
• 67
2.00%
2.37%
2.42%
2.00%
2.37%
2.42%
1.3%
2.0%
2.5%
• Benefit Cap
100% Comp.
100% Comp
None
• Post Retirement Survivor
Allowance
60%
Continuance
60%
Continuance
60%
Continuance
• Cost of Living Adjustment
3%
3%
3%
• Final Average Salary
12 months
12 months
36 months
• Terminal Pay
Unlimited
1 year
None
• Pensionable Wages Cap
No cap
No Cap
2014 $138,077
• Social Security
None
None
None
�A , July 16, 2014
ABILITY TO NEGOTIATE OR CHANGE BENEFITS
i
■ Current Employees:1
cCCD
• California Supreme Court has ruled that pension benefits are individual
vested right .... this means Board cannot unilaterally or negotiate lower
future benefit accruals unless each employee is given something of equal
or greater value
• Could negotiate to allow employees to opt into lower future accruals but:
❑ Negotiations would be very difficult and
❑ IRS has refused to rule on this when asked to do so through the
private letter ruling process
This is a legal issue and since Bartel Associates is not a law firm we strongly suggest the
(B
/ 1 July 16, 2014 4
PF(,(-&ST1
ABILITY TO NEGOTIATE OR CHANGE BENEFITS
■ Future Employees
• PEPRA members:
❑ Member on or after 1/1/13
❑ Much lower benefit formula (2% @ 62)
❑ Cap on salaries used to determine benefit
• Non PEPRA members:
❑ Membership before 1/1/13 but hired on or after 1/1/13
❑ Same benefit as those hired before 1/1/13
❑ Limits on compensation that can be used to determine benefit
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F "I
c7KS D
ABILITY TO NEGOTIATE OR CHANGE BENEFITS
• Could negotiate to provide lower benefits to future hires
Tier 12 Tier 23 Tier 34
❑ Employer Normal Cost 21.23% 18.79% 10.92%
❑ Member Contribution Rate 11.25 11.25 11.00
❑ Total Normal Cost 32.48 30.05 21.92
❑ Percent of current workforce 77% 21% 2%
❑ Likely requires legislation to provide lower benefits for future
PEPRA members
❑ Likely requires legislation to provide lower benefits for future hires
that are not PEPRA members. This group will make up a decreasing
portion of new hires (Likely decreasing to approximately 0% in
about 20 years)
O Would have no impact on Unfunded Liability
2 Became member before January 1, 2011.
3 Became member between January 1, 2011 and January 1, 2013.
4 Became member on or after January 1, 2013.
(B
PJuly 16, 2014 6 Affift,
Defined Contribution
DEFINED BENEFIT VERSUS DEFINED CONTRIBUTION
Plan
Plan
Defined Contribution
Plan
Defined Benefit
Plan
Can vary from year to
Usually set by statute but
of base pay each year
into employee's account.
Nature of Promise
Annuity, beginning at
retirement, payable for as
long as employee lives.
Can vary from year to
Employer
Varies from one year to
Whatever account
balance at retirement can
provide
Retirement Benefit
Level
Benefit Formula
% of Final Average
Compensation based on
agency service an
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Vesting
DEFINED BENEFIT VERSUS DEFINED CONTRIBUTION
(How much of the
Employee
Employee
Contributions
promise does employee
Contributions
Always 100%
"own " ?)
d
Employer
benefit factor
Contributions
Typically 100% after 5 or
Typically 100% after 5 or
10 years.
10 ears.
July 16, 2014 8 t
Defined Contribution
Defined Benefit
Plan
Plan
Contribution Level
Employee
Can vary from year to
Usually set by statute but
year
can be negotiated
Can vary from year to
Employer
Varies from one year to
year
the next — "Whatever is
Necessary"
Vesting
(How much of the
Employee
Employee
Contributions
promise does employee
Contributions
Always 100%
"own " ?)
d
Employer
benefit factor
Defined Contribution
Defined Benefit
Plan
Plan
Contribution Level
Employee
Can vary from year to
Usually set by statute but
year
can be negotiated
Can vary from year to
Employer
Varies from one year to
year
the next — "Whatever is
Necessary"
Vesting
(How much of the
Employee
Employee
Contributions
promise does employee
Contributions
Always 100%
"own " ?)
Always 100%
Employer
Retirement Benefit
Contributions
Typically 100% after 5 or
Typically 100% after 5 or
10 years.
10 ears.
Defined Contribution
DEFINED BENEFIT VERSUS DEFINED CONTRIBUTION
Plan
Plan
Defined Contribution
Death
Defined Benefit
retirement, except
Plan
Employee contribution
Plan
with interest
become 100% vested at
Portability
Post - retirement —
death
Retirement
Employee can elect
Very Portable
Generally Very Portable
while at District,
distributed and not
Employee takes vested
protected by "salary"
Employee chooses
inflation if working for
account balance with
Who Accepts
between
Risk &Reward
them when leaving.
Employee
1. deferred retirement
2. accumulated employee
Employee
Significant tax
contributions with
benefit (benefit earned
Retirement
interest
disadvan
Inflation
Employer
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DEFINED BENEFIT VERSUS DEFINED CONTRIBUTION
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Defined Contribution
Defined Benefit
Plan
Plan
Pre - retirement -Same as
Death
Pre - retirement —
retirement, except
Employee contribution
employer contributions
with interest
become 100% vested at
Post - retirement —
death
Employee can elect
tage for amounts
while at District,
distributed and not
protected by "salary"
"rolled over" < age 591/2.
inflation if working for
Who Accepts
most CA public
Risk &Reward
agencies) or
Employee
Investment Return
2. accumulated employee
Employee
Mortality
contributions with
Employee
Retirement
interest
Defined Contribution
Defined Benefit
Plan
Plan
Pre - retirement -Same as
Death
Pre - retirement —
retirement, except
Employee contribution
employer contributions
with interest
become 100% vested at
Post - retirement —
death
Employee can elect
lower benefit to
provide survivor
continuance
Who Accepts
Risk &Reward
Employee
Investment Return
Employer
Employee
Mortality
Employer
Employee
Retirement
Employer
Employee
Inflation
Employer
DEFINED BENEFIT VERSUS DEFINED CONTRIBUTION
■ Studies consistently show defined contribution plans earn 1 to 2 percentage
points less (net of expenses) than defined benefit plans
• DC plan investments tend to be more conservative
• DC plan expenses tend to be higher as a percentage of assets
■ For individual to be certain they get benefit for life they must:
• buy an annuity
• accumulate more than is necessary on average or
• run the risk of outliving balance
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COST IF TARGET BENEFIT AT RETIREMENT IS THE SAME
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■ If target is to replace 60% of earnings at age 65 retirement
• DB plan does this with 13% of pay (7% assumed earnings)
• DC plan does this with 18% of pay (6% assumed earnings)
• DC plan does this with 21% of pay (5% assumed earnings)
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BENEFIT AT RETIREMENT IF CONTRIBUTION IS THE SAME ]�
■ If contribution each year is 10% of earnings the benefit for age 65 retirement
• DB plan gets to 50% of pay replacement (7% assumed earnings)
• DC plan gets to 35% of pay replacement (6% assumed earnings)
• DC plan gets to 30% of pay replacement (5% assumed earnings)
(B
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PIC"'Cul-'k-cs
BENEFIT AT RETIREMENT IF CONTRIBUTION IS THE SAME
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(B/1)
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P171-cw*'-cs
Alternative
Tier 3
1
2
3
PEPRA
DC Plan
Hybrid
DB
• Formula
• 55
• 62
• 67
1.3%
2.0%
2.5%
N/A
0.65%
1.00%
1.25%
1.3%
2.0%
2.5%
• Benefit Cap
None
N/A
None
None
• PRSA
60%
N/A
None
None
• COLA
3%
N/A
2%
2%
• Final Average Salary
36 months
N/A
36 months
36 months
• Terminal Pay
None
N/A
None
None
• DB Member Contribution
50% NC
None
50% NC
50% NC
(B/1)
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BENEFIT AT RETIREMENT IF CONTRIBUTION IS THE SAME
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BENEFIT AT RETIREMENT IF CONTRIBUTION IS THE SAME
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Alternative
Tier 3
1
2
3
PEPRA
DC Plan
Hybrid
DB
• CCCSD DC Contribution
• Guaranteed
N/A
4%
2%
N/A
• Match
-
100% up to
100% up
-
• Member DB Contr.
11.00
6%
to 3%
10.00
• Member DC Contr.
11.00
Member
Member
-
• Total Cost
21.92%
Contr.
Contr.
20.00%
• Contribution Vesting
• Member
Always
Always
Always
Always
100%
100%
100%
100%
• District (DC only)
N/A
100% at 5
100% at 5
N/A
ears
years
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BENEFIT AT RETIREMENT IF CONTRIBUTION IS THE SAME
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■ Likely requires legislation to provide lower benefits for future
• PEPRA members
• hires that are not PEPRA members.
■ Would have no impact on Unfunded Liability
July 16, 2014
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Alternative
Tier 3
1
2
3
PEPRA
DC Plan
Hybrid
DB
■
• CCCSD DB Normal Cos
10.92%
-
5.00%
10.00%
• CCCSD DC Contributio
-
10.0%
5.00
-
• Member DB Contr.
11.00
-
5.00
10.00
• Member DC Contr.
11.00
4.0
3.00
-
• Total Cost
21.92%
14.0%
18.00%
20.00%
■ Likely requires legislation to provide lower benefits for future
• PEPRA members
• hires that are not PEPRA members.
■ Would have no impact on Unfunded Liability
July 16, 2014
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