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HomeMy WebLinkAboutDPR Research Briefing Update for Expert Panel_July 2014D California Direct Potable Reuse Initiative Research Briefing WATE USE WATE SE RESEARCH CALIFORNIA California Direct Potable Reuse Initiative - Research Update for CDPH Expert Panel 1 2014 Goal of this document The goal of this briefing document is to provide project updates the CDPH Expert Panel in advance of their regular meetings. The California Direct Potable Reuse Initiative Research Plan should be referenced for more information. DPR Research Project Update 1. W R R F- 11 -01, Monitoring for Reliability and Process Control of Potable Reuse Applications (Contractor: University of Arizona) Project Duration: • Project Start - June 2012 • Draft Report Due - December 2014 • Estimated Publication Date - September 2015 The objective of this project is to identify, evaluate, test, and validate monitoring systems that can be used to assure the public safety of potable reuse. The project is specifically focused on real -time or near real -time monitoring for the removal of trace organics and biological contaminants. The project is comprised of three tasks: 1) state of knowledge and initial workshop, 2) laboratory evaluation of monitoring control systems and 3) pilot and full -scale evaluations. Status: The project is on track; the team submitted their eighth progress report in July 2014 and will be submitting their ninth and final progress report in September 2014. Notable Update: Task 2 is complete at this time aside from analyzing the reverse osmosis trials. The purpose of this task is to identify correlations between treatment performance and sensor response. As part of this task the following was be performed: Treatment train development: The following treatment trains will be evaluated at the lab- scale. The treatment trains were selected in consistence with project WateReusell -02. From secondary treatment 4 MF/UF4 RO 4 UV/AOP 4 To reuse application From secondary/ From tertiary treatment 4 MF/UF4 Os 4 GAC /BAC 4 surface /groundwat er augmentation • Use of surrogates to predict trace organic compound (TOrc) removal by granular activated carbon: The purpose of this subtask is to develop correlations between bulk organic parameters (e.g. color, total organic carbon, UV absorbance and fluorescence excitation /emission spectroscopy) and TOrC removal during 2 July Update California Direct Potable Reuse Initiative - Research Update for CDPH Expert Panel 12014 oxidation processes. Some preliminary testing has been performed. The project team is evaluating and analyzing the data. • Data Acquisition Software Development: The purpose of this sub -task is to develop a SCADA system for monitoring and controlling the water quality throughout the treatment train for water reuse • On -line Sensors for Real -Time Monitoring of Water Quality As part of this sub - task, 10 different online sensors were installed in the lab and are currently being evaluated (see Table 3). These sensors are capable of measuring 13 different surrogate parameters of water quality which can be divided into four categories: i) general (pH, temperature, conductivity, turbidity); ii) organic (UVT254, UVA254, TOC, DOC, fluorescence); iii) inorganic (chlorine, NO3-N); and iv) microbial parameters (total cell count, microbial toxicity Table 3: Surrogate parameters and online sensors that will be analyzed as part of WRRF -11- 01 Task 2 W Sr+ a lam WETV)Labs . <, ,Instant Instant micro s °can MKr0T0l3 S�evars 53100 ToxControl Real lM Guardian&ue NKaVis &o5can 7urDidiry On•Une TOC Spectro::lyur SAFire &o5entry Toxicity Online Analyzer Event Monitor Analyzer 705 IQ (RMS -W) AnalYZV Preparations are underway for Task 3. The first pilot scale test will be conducted at the Tucson Water Sweetwater Recharge Facility. To accommodate this test, considerable up front preparations have been necessary: 1. Design and construction of a small building to house the on -line sensors (complete) 2. Transport and installation of sensors from the Sensor Lab to the new building (complete) 3. Installation of electrical hardware (complete) In July, the first pilot scale testing will be conducted at this facility and the data will be reported in the next Progress Report. To date, the following has been accomplished: • Two Reverse osmosis units built 3 July Update General parameters Organic parameters Inorganic parameters Microbial parameters UVT 254 Chlorine Ste' Total cell JUAR A'f" pH : °a 96 ( ) m /L ( g ) count .,•,a •.a (counts/100mL) j Temperature =` UVA 254 xylem NOrN s::can xylem Toxicity 016-- ( °C) «"' (cm-1) 0— MIQ (mg /L),. Conductivity 4bo' DOC 1 s::can xylem ' s::can s::can Turbidity' '°"'"'"° TOC (NTU) HIM a.M• (mg /L) xylem rnWS � W Fluorescence -6— (A.U.) Preparations are underway for Task 3. The first pilot scale test will be conducted at the Tucson Water Sweetwater Recharge Facility. To accommodate this test, considerable up front preparations have been necessary: 1. Design and construction of a small building to house the on -line sensors (complete) 2. Transport and installation of sensors from the Sensor Lab to the new building (complete) 3. Installation of electrical hardware (complete) In July, the first pilot scale testing will be conducted at this facility and the data will be reported in the next Progress Report. To date, the following has been accomplished: • Two Reverse osmosis units built 3 July Update California Direct Potable Reuse Initiative - Research Update for CDPH Expert Panel 1 2014 • Development of treatment technologies for UV, 03, ± H2O2 • IQ SensorNet installed • LabView Software system installed for data stream collection from all sensors simultaneously • SAFire fluorescence online sensor evaluated as surrogate for dissolved organic matter • Instant BioScan evaluated as a real -time microbial sensor • Advanced oxidation via ozone evaluated for removal of contaminants • Two new sensors for microbial analyses installed • RO tests almost complete (Laboratory scale) • Advanced oxidation via UV evaluated in two secondary effluents for removal of contaminants (Laboratory scale) • Pilot scale evaluations will begin shortly • A workshop will be held in September in coordination with the WateReuse Symposium to discuss the preliminary results from this project 2. WRRF- 11 -02, Equivalency ofAdvanced Treatment Trains for Potable Reuse (Contractor: Trussell Technologies) Project Duration: • Project Start - May 2012 • Draft Report Due - October 2014 • Estimated Publication Date - September 2015 This project will clearly identify the benefits and tradeoffs of various treatment process trains for potable reuse and will consider and examine criteria needed to evaluate the adequacy of treatment for direct and indirect potable reuse. A model will be developed that can allow for comparisons of alternate treatment trains for potable reuse. At least one advanced treatment train will be tested for direct potable reuse at a scale large enough to give information on real operating conditions. Status: The project is on track. The team submitted their eighth progress report in May 2014 and is expected to submit their ninth and final progress report in July 2014. Notable Update: To date, the team has completed or nearly completed all of the work comprising Task 1 and has made significant progress on Tasks 2 and 3. Task 1 has been completed and the following has been completed: • A report examining the criteria for direct potable reuse was completed and released in 2012 (WRRF- 11- 02 -01). The purpose of this report was to develop a 4 July Update California Direct Potable Reuse Initiative - Research Update for CDPH Expert Panel 1 2014 set of criteria that are protective of public health to evaluate treatment technologies for DPR. A State of the Science Report was completed and released in 2012 (WRRF -11- 02-02). This report provides an overview of the current state of the science of potable reuse including both domestic and international perspectives. This report also developed criteria for determining equivalency with regard to the three main categories of interest: microbial, chemical, and aesthetic criteria. This task was completed alongside an expert panel workshop that was co -run with NWRI In Task 2, the project team has completed or almost completed the following: Potential treatment trains for near - full -scale direct potable reuse testing have been identified. A draft of the digital Toolbox, which includes a wide range of treatment technologies and treatment performance. Toolbox users are now able to combine a series of technologies to meet specified levels of pathogen and pollutant treatment. Two further efforts are required on this toolbox: 1) costs of treatment must be assembled, and 2) modifications to the treatment credits will be implemented once pilot testing is complete. • A user manual for the digital toolbox. In Task 3, the following has been accomplished: The project team has developed a draft test protocol based on these treatment trains and the availability of pilot equipment. Pilot testing at San Luis Obispo Water Reclamation Plant (WRP) was performed in March 2013 and July 2013. Site modifications, including the installation of secondary containment to prevent runoff from potential pilot plant leaks from entering storm drains, were made at LACSD's San Jose Creek Water Reclamation Plant (SJCWRP) to accommodate pilot equipment at that location. The WEDECO and Leopold systems began operating in June 2013, and the Econity, GE and RO skids began operating in September 2013. Phase 1 testing of pilot scale OF -03 -BAC with bench -scale UV photolysis and pilot -scale MF -RO with bench -scale UV /H2O2 and free chlorine disinfection was completed the first week of December 2013. Bench -scale testing of UV photolysis, UV /H2O2 and free chlorine disinfection was performed in October 2013. Follow up testing to minimize the chlorate concentration after free chlorine disinfection and to spike 1,4- dioxane before UV /H2O2 were performed a few weeks later. • The transition to Phase 2 testing of pilot -scale 03- BAC -UF with bench -scale UV photolysis (Train 1a) and pilot -scale 03 -MF -RO with bench -scale UV /H2O2 (Train 2) was completed the first week of December 2013. Operation of these treatment trains ended in the middle of February 2014 and was followed by 2 weeks of testing OF -03 -BAC with alum addition before the OF pilot unit. Phase 2 testing 5 July Update California Direct Potable Reuse Initiative - Research Update for CDPH Expert Panel 1 2014 ended in early March, and the GE OF pilot until and H2O Engineering ozone pilot unit were returned to the vendors. • Phase 3 testing of MF -Os -BAC began in late March is scheduled to end in late May, with the final month of Phase 3 testing 03- BAC -MF. This was expected to be completed in June. • The first sets of quarterly samples were collected from El Paso Water Utilities' (EPWU's) Fred Hervey Water Reclamation Plant and Upper Occoquan Service Authority's (UOSA's) Millard H. Robbins Jr. Water Reclamation Plant in November 2013. The second and third rounds of quarterly sampling at these treatment plants were conducted in January and April 2014. The final set of samples is expected to be collected in July. 3. WRRF- 11 -05, Demonstrating the Benefits of Engineered Direct Potable Reuse versus UnintentionallndirectPotable Reuse Systems(Contractor: The Cadmus Group Inc) Published May 2014, available in dropbox: Click here to view DPR Folder 4. WRRF- 11 -10, Evaluation of Risk Reduction Principles for Direct Potable Reuse (Contractor: Carollo Engineers) Expected publication: July 2014 The goal of this project is to identify how fail -safe concepts developed in other industries (structural /bridge, aviation /NASA) can be adapted and applied to DPR systems. The resultant guidance and recommendations will be built in a stepwise fashion from the foundation of "what we know" up through "what we could do," to "the pros, cons, and costs of the identified DPR approach alternatives." Status: Project was submitted to the publication queue for copyediting. Anticipated publication date is July 31, 2014. Conclusions: DPR is without an environmental buffer such as a groundwater basin or a surface water reservoir. Potable reuse of highly treated reclaimed water without an environmental buffer is worthy of consideration as an alternative water supply. Understanding and replacing the value of the environmental buffer is a key component of this project. Concepts central to this work include: • Multi- barrier treatment. Treatment is provided by multiple unit processes so that no one process is responsible for providing the full level of public health protection. The treatment provided by each unit can be partially or completely duplicative to another process (i.e., provide redundant treatment). • Redundant treatment. Treatment that is provided in excess of the required minimum needed to maintain adequate public health protection. This is typically provided as a back -up in case another process fails to provide adequate treatment. • Process reliability. A measure of how consistently a treatment system can be depended upon to perform to specifications. 6 July Update California Direct Potable Reuse Initiative - Research Update for CDPH Expert Panel 1 2014 The project team recognizes that this project represents the beginning of DPR guidance criteria. As such, a number of recommendations for setting treatment goals for reclaimed water as source water or as a potable source are suggested. In the absence of the environmental buffer, treatment processes need accurate, robust real - time, online monitoring of effluent quality. This monitoring ideally ensures process performance and alarms when process effluent quality changes. These improved monitoring techniques should be sensitive enough to pick up small changes and trends in treatment performance that could have a significant impact on the safety of the finished water. The monitoring techniques would focus on both microbes and trace pollutants. 5. W R R F- 12 -06, Guidelines for Engineered Storage for Direct Potable Reuse Systems (Contractor: Carollo Engineers) Project Duration: • Project Start - March 2013 • Draft Report Due - July 2014 • Estimated Publication Date - May 2015 The main objective of this project is to develop recommendations for optimizing engineered storage systems for direct potable reuse; this will be accomplished through examining current practices and existing research to generate a guidance document and report. Status: The third (and last) progress report was submitted during the quarter. The project is delayed by about two months due to difficulty in collecting data from utilities and the draft report is expected by July 31, 2014. Notable Update: An animated video called "The Ways of Water" was developed as part of Task 3 (Examining Public Perception) and is being used as a way to inform survey participants as a way they chose to examine current attitudes about DPR. As part of a recent workshop, the video was shared with a few utilities which have indicated their desire to use it when meeting with news staff, tour participants, or on other occasions that they need to explain DPR to people who are not familiar with the terms. The video is currently available on the Foundation's website. In the last quarter, significant progress was made toward the completion of each of the tasks, as the project work is nearing completion. The project team will complete all tasks by the time of the Draft Report Submission in July. Task 1. Literature Review and Knowledge Transfer The literature review was summarized in the previous progress report. Water quality data is being collected from existing potable reuse treatment schemes to better understand product water quality variability. At this time, data: • El Paso Water Utilities/ Fred Hervey Water Reclamation Plant. This includes data collected at 7 locations throughout the plant from January 2012 through September 2013. Analytes vary by sample location, but include bulk water quality parameters such as BOD, COD, TSS, TKN as well as individual anions and 7 July Update California Direct Potable Reuse Initiative - Research Update for CDPH Expert Panel 1 2014 cations, metals, pesticides, nutrients, and VOCs. Additional data were requested, specifically with respect to NDMA and constituents of emerging concern, however EPWU indicated that these are not measured at this facility. • West Basin Municipal Water District. The District has provided a large quantity of data, which have not yet been analyzed. • The City of San Diego. San Diego has also provided a large quantity of data, which have not yet been analyzed. • Windhoek, Namibia. Windhoek has provided general water quality data for several locations within their treatment train. • Orange County Water District. The District has provided a large quantity of analytical data, including many classes of organic compounds (trace chemicals, volatiles, nitrosamines, hormones, pesticides, metals, general water quality parameters, and more), for several locations within their advanced treatment train. The project team will continue to collect data from the participating utilities. These data will be analyzed for water quality variability and other trends once data are obtained from all parties. Task 2. Design of Engineered Storage Systems A framework for engineered storage sizing was developed and introduced at the workshop held 9/16/13 and 9/17/13, as described in the previous progress report. A draft framework for sizing engineered storage systems was submitted with progress report #2 in November 2013. Additional updates to the framework were made in response to PAC and internal review comments. Task 3. Public Perception Surveys The public perception survey is based first upon the public reviewing a short educational video, before answering survey questions. The video is now complete and can be viewed at the following web address: https://vimeo.com /84750029 with the password "watershed" The survey questions are in draft form, and are being shared with several utility partners, and can also be found at the following web address: https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/water—test Task 4. Utility Case Studies The following utilities were contacted to kick off case studies: City of LA, UOSA, El Paso, and Lubbock. A meeting was held on March 13, 2014 with the City of Los Angeles to discuss their case study, others followed in April and May. These case studies will serve to illustrate concrete examples of engineered storage buffers, including size, volume, physical configuration, and operation. 6. WRRF- 12 -07, Standard Methods for Integrity Testing and On -line Monitoring ofNFand RO Membranes (Contractor: MWH) July Update California Direct Potable Reuse Initiative - Research Update for CDPH Expert Panel 1 2014 Project start date: July 15, 2013 Draft report due: January 1, 2016 Estimated publication date: December 2016 The objective of this project is to create scientifically -based method(s) for the integrity testing of high pressure membranes, including nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. Once developed, the goal is to have the methods adopted as industry standards and approved for higher pathogen removal credits by regulatory agencies. The project approach consists of five tasks: 1. Literature Review 2. Two workshops 3. Identification of Integrity Indicators 4. Development of Method for Integrity Testing 5. Evaluating Developed Method at Pilot Scale Status: The project team is currently working on their fourth progress report out of nine, which is due on July 14, 2014. The third progress report is available in dropbox. Notable Update: Two workshops were conducted to define best approaches towards integrity monitoring of NF and RO membranes. The first workshop was conducted on April 24 in Melbourne, Australia. This workshop was coordinated by Water Services Association of Australia (WSAA). Representatives from water utilities attended in person at WSAA's Melbourne office and also via teleconference. The second workshop was conducted on April 28 in Arcadia, California. This workshop was conducted via teleconference and consisted of participants from water utilities, membrane manufacturers, integrity monitoring technology provides, and members of the Project Advisory Committee. Meeting minutes for both workshops and the presentation slides are available as a part of the third progress report in dropbox. Key Workshop Findings: • Ideal integrity monitoring technique should be on -line and real time to satisfy regulators • On -Line TOC instruments are expensive ($40,000 - $50,000 per unit; $3,000 per year operation and maintenance) with maintenance problems. • Rhodamine WT (RWT) dye is being used at a full -scale plant to obtain 1.5 Log Reduction Value (LRV) credit from regulators. Challenge testing is performed once a year. • Challenge testing with MS2 bacteriophage could be a cost - effective option if the water utility has its own lab capabilities. Progress to date: • The literature review (Task 1) has been completed and approved by the PAC. 9 July Update California Direct Potable Reuse Initiative - Research Update for CDPH Expert Panel 1 2014 Both workshops have been successfully completed (Task 2). As suggested by a PAC member during the U.S. workshop, the project team is currently working on a scoring/ranking system for all technologies evaluated in the literature review. The ranking system will be presented in the fourth progress report. • Task 3 is currently in progress. The objective of this task is to identify indicative parameters in various source water types to yield at least 4 log removal of microorganisms by NF and RO membranes. Indicative parameters, such as total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), are being measured at the bench - scale. Results will be presented in the fourth progress report. 7.WRRF- 13 -02, Model Public Communication Plan torAdvancingDPR Acceptance (Contractor: Data Instincts) Project Duration: • Project Start - November 2013 • Draft Report Due - July 2014 • Estimated Publication Date - January 2015 The objective of this project is to establish a framework communication plan and develop an implementable, strategic communication plan to achieve DPR acceptance for the State of California. Status: The research approach was designed to lay the groundwork for development of communication plans that could be replicated by agencies pursuing DPR projects, and which could be tailored to specific communities and for state WateReuse sections. To that end, during this last quarter a variety of communication research efforts were conducted, utilizing in -depth interviews (IDIs), surveys and focus groups among key target audiences identified in Task 2. Responses to questions were noted and results collated to reveal trends or important repeated themes. The information gleaned from these efforts has been used to develop the following documents: a) State Level Communication Plan, b) Community Level Communication Plan, and c) Guidance for Utilities on Working with Community Leaders. These communication plans will guide industry leaders, utilities and those communities considering new water supply options to include potable reuse as well in a thoughtful review process. The second PAC workshop was held July 9, 2014. In the workshop the team highlighted those messages and /or approaches which emerged as promising, based on input we received in focus groups and telephone surveys conducted in our two identified model communities (San Diego and the service area for the Santa Clara Valley Water District). The group also discussed recommendations on how best to proceed in the subsequent Phases II & III of 13 -02. Project Progress: Model Public Communication Plan for Advancing DPR Acceptance Task 1- Situational Analysis Background /Initial Assessment 100% Task 2- Identify Key Guidance Factors 100% 10 July Update California Direct Potable Reuse Initiative - Research Update for CDPH Expert Panel 1 2014 Task 3 - Strategic Communication Development /Conduct IDIs, surveys and focus groups 100% Task 4 - Plan Refinements /Calibrate Next Steps A. Develop Draft State Level Communication Plan 85% B. Develop Draft Community Level Communication Plan 85% C. Develop Draft Guidance for How Utilities can Engage Community Leaders 85% Notable updates: The work was presented by Mark Millan at several recent events: • March 24 & 25, 2014 - AWRCE Goal 3 Project in Brisbane, Australia • April 2, 2014 - AWWA Sustainable Management Conference in Denver, CO • May 18, 2014 WRA and WRRF Boards /Research Conference in Las Vegas, NV • May 20, 2014 WRRF DPR Collaborative Meeting in Las Vegas, NV In an effort to explore approaches that have been tried elsewhere, our team was invited to Australia during this last quarter. Our project research manager, Stefani McGregor, along with two of our PAC members (Ron Wildermuth and Dave Smith) and Mark Millan, were graciously received by the Australian Water Recycling Centre of Excellence (AWRCoE) and members of their NDEEP team (National Demonstration Education and Engagement Program). They visited the Bundamba Advanced Water Treatment Plant and received an overview of South East Queensland and its history of challenges with water supply and water reuse. A two -day forum with presentations from the respective project teams provided an opportunity to explore cross - linkages and potential collaboration between AWRCoE and both projects ( NDEEP and WRRF 13 -02). Their Goal 3: "Reclaimed water is viewed as acceptable `alternative water' for augmenting drinking water supplies" is very similar to our 13 -02 project Goals and Objectives. From the Brisbane meetings and subsequent discussion between Foundation and AWRCoE leadership, it is acknowledged that there are real opportunities for collaboration and sharing of information, messages and materials that could be extremely beneficial to both organizations and countries. Conversation continues between the WRRF and AWRCoE. 8. WRRF- 13 -03, Critical Control Point Assessment to Quantify Robustness and Reliability of Multiple Treatment Barriers of DPR Scheme (Contractor: Hazen & Sawyer) Project Duration: • Project Start - December 2013 • Draft Report Due - July 2015 • Estimated Publication Date - April 2017 Objectives: 11 July Update California Direct Potable Reuse Initiative - Research Update for CDPH Expert Panel 1 2014 1. Conduct hazard assessment for key unit operations for two or more direct potable reuse (DPR) treatment trains, including the following: a. MF /UF - RO - UV /H2O2 - C12 - Engineered Storage b. Os - BAC - GAC - UV - C12 - Engineered Storage 2. Develop best design, monitoring, and operational practices by evaluating critical process control points in each of the DPR treatment trains evaluated to meet overall system robustness and reliability. 3. Develop standard design approaches and response strategies (i.e., operations plan and standard operating procedures) to mitigate upset events to strive towards `fail - safe' operation of a DPR plant. Research Approach: 1. Conduct hazard assessment for key unit operations and determine critical control points 2. Conduct bench /pilot level challenge test studies 3. Conduct Monte Carlo risk analysis and develop standard design approaches, operational procedures, and response strategies Project Update: A workshop was conducted in Tempe, Arizona, on February 25 and 26 with a multi- disciplinary Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) team. The purpose of this workshop was to fully vet the water quality objectives, critical control points, and final list of chemical and microbial indicators and surrogates. Some key findings include: General water quality risks (grouping of classes of contaminants and microbes) were considered for this workshop as a means of optimizing the use of time. A detailed water quality risk assessment will be developed subsequent to the workshop by selected members of the team. The water quality targets for DPR included meeting all Federal drinking water standards as well as conforming to the pathogen reduction goals in the draft CA Groundwater Recharge Regulations including the "12- 10 -10" rule for virus, cryptosporidium, and giardia inactivation. Critical control point analysis was conducted and control points determined were reviewed for both the "FAT" of MF /UF- RO- UV /H2O2 -C12, and the alternative treatment process of 03- BAC - GAC- UV -C12. Operating data is continuing to be gathered from participating utilities, for use in the Monte Carlo analysis and planning of full scale operational challenge testing at Scottsdale Water Campus will begin. Progress Report #2 of 5 will be submitted in July. 9. WRRF- 13 -12, Evaluation of Source Water Control Options and the Impact of Selected Strategies on DPR (Contractor: Black & Veatch) Project Duration: • Project Start - May 2014 12 July Update California Direct Potable Reuse Initiative - Research Update for CDPH Expert Panel 1 2014 • Draft Report Due - June 2015 • Estimated Publication Date - June 2016 The goals are to evaluate upstream wastewater treatment impacts (e.g. N /dN- nitrification /denitrification, industrial source control) on DPR source water quality and DPR process, and to evaluate impact of hydraulic control mechanisms (e.g. flow equalization and source water storage buffers) on influent water quality and flow variations that "stress" the DPR process. Project Update: Black & Veatch (PI Alan Rimer) began project work as of June 1, 2014. The kickoff call is being planned for August and the first progress report will be due September 1, 2014. 10. WRRF- 13 -13, Operations Plan Development Standard (Contractor Hazen & Sawyer) Project Duration: • Project Start - May 2014 Draft Report Due - July 2015 • Estimated Publication Date - April 2016 The object of this project is to develop a standard operations and maintenance plan for various DPR treatment processes, including appropriate portions of the upstream secondary wastewater treatment processes providing feedwater to the DPR processes. A DPR Training and Certification framework for DPR system operators will also be developed. Project Update: Hazen & Sawyer (PI Troy Walker) has been awarded and the project was started in May. The first Progress Report is due in August. 11. WRF 4508, Assessment of techniques for evaluating and demonstrating safety of DPR product water (Contractor: U of Arizona; funded and managed by Water Research Foundation) The objectives of this project are to evaluate known techniques /methodologies (and potentially develop new technologies) for the assessment of DPR water safety (work with public outreach group to identify key criteria by which public would evaluate safety); to evaluate the effectiveness of currently accepted and alternative treatment trains for the production of DPR water using the developed techniques; to perform benchmarking to other water sources (e.g. surface water, bottled water, etc.); and to develop tools and methods for utilities to demonstrate water safety to the public, elected officials, etc. Water Research Foundation will manage this project, through a process similar to WateReuse. Project Update: The project was awarded to U of Arizona (Channah Rock, PI), and the project will begin soon. 13 July Update California Direct Potable Reuse Initiative - Research Update for CDPH Expert Panel 1 2014 12. WRF 4536, Blending Requirements for Water from DPR Treatment Facilities (Contractor: Carollo; funded and managed by Water Research Foundation) The objective of this project is to optimize with respect to water quality, the blending of DPR water with existing water supplies based on existing information. Phase II will conduct case studies of selected blending strategies Water Research Foundation will manage this project, through a process similar to WateReuse. Project Update: The project was awarded to Carollo (Andrew Salveson, PI), and the project will begin soon. 13. WRRF- 14 -01, Integrated Management of Sensor Data for Real Time Decision Making and Response (Contractor: TBD) The objectives of this project are as follows: Develop an operation support tool that integrates diverse sensors within the treatment process for immediate feedback /alerts. Integrate existing sensors as an early warning system for a Direct Potable Reuse (DPR) treatment process to provide: Real time sensor network for tracking system performance and key quality parameters, A tool for early detection of system anomalies prior to any compromise in water quality. Build on criteria developed in WRRF -13 -03 and 13 -13 for decision making based on established critical control points. Develop framework for sensor data integration based on above criteria. Project Update: This project was developed by the RAC in their January 2014 meeting and approved by the Board in late March. A PAC has been formed and the RFP is expected summer 2014. 14. WRRF- 14 -02, Establishing additional log reduction credits for WWTPs (Contractor: TBD) The objectives are as follows: • Obtain more accurate picture of the microbial treatment requirements by addressing the major source of uncertainty —the concentration of pathogens in raw wastewater and secondary effluent • Establish if there is any correlation between the number of pathogens in raw wastewater and secondary effluent • Establish removal credit for biological treatment provided (e.g., activated sludge) for protozoa, bacteria, and viruses • Determine validity of pathogen log- removal requirements identified by CDPH for potable reuse projects. 14 July Update California Direct Potable Reuse Initiative - Research Update for CDPH Expert Panel 1 2014 Project Update: This project was developed by the RAC in their January 2014 meeting and approved by the Board in late March. A PAC has been formed and RFP is being revised for release in July 2014. 15. WRRF- 14 -03, Develop Methodology of comprehensive (fiscal /triple bottom line) analysis of alternative water supply projects compared to DPR The objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate an assessment method (spreadsheet, database, or other) to provide information to decision makers in considering the full economic, social, and environmental impacts of a DPR water supply versus other alternative supplies. Project Update: This project was developed by the RAC in their January 2014 meeting and approved by the Board in late March. A PAC has been formed and the RFP is expected summer 2014. 16. WRRF- 14 -08, Economics of Direct Potable Reuse (Contractor: Stratus Consulting) The objective of this project is to estimate the capital costs of DPR using existing treatment technologies (including monitoring equipment) along with an estimate of the operating costs. These estimated costs and the energy requirements, including GHG emissions, will be compared to other sources of water including imported water, local surface and groundwater, brackish groundwater desalination, and seawater desalination. This will primarily focus on California. The potential cost savings from choosing DPR over alternatives will be estimated as well. In addition, the estimated total volume of "new water" that could be generated from DPR in California will be estimated. Project Update: This project was sole- sourced to Bob Raucher (Stratus Consulting) and began in April. A draft report was submitted in June with a final report expected in the next few months. 17. WRRF- 14 -10, Enhanced Pathogen and Pollutant Monitoring of the Colorado River Municipal Water District Raw Water Production Facility at Big Spring Texas (Contractor: Carollo) Project Duration: • Project Start - August 2014 • Estimated Draft Report Due - August 2015 • Estimated Publication Date - March 2017 The objective of this project is to create a DPR Monitoring Guidelines document that makes recommendations for long -term monitoring at facilities like the one at Big Spring. It will take into account the results of the in -depth sampling conducted during this study, and develop a robust monitoring approach to reduce risk to public health while keeping 15 July Update California Direct Potable Reuse Initiative - Research Update for CDPH Expert Panel 1 2014 costs low through the use of appropriate process monitoring and surrogate measurements. A team led by Carollo was recently awarded a grant funded by the Texas Water Development Board (TWDB) to study the water quality delivered by the RWPF. This team is in the process of developing a testing protocol to demonstrate the water quality produced by RWPF. As part of this testing, state of the art online monitoring approaches and surrogate testing are proposed to compliment analyses for pathogens (virus, protozoa, and bacteria) and trace pollutants (pharmaceuticals, endocrine disruptors, disinfection by products, flame retardants, perfluorinated compounds, and others). The current study provides a detailed review of system performance in accordance with public health and Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) regulatory objectives. The additional funding from WRRF for this TC project allows a substantial expansion of project scope and value. This additional sampling and laboratory work would be done concurrent with funded efforts. This additional research will increase the breadth and statistical accuracy of the data set, which is necessary for this research to have national recognition. Project Update: This project was accepted as part of the Tailored Collaboration Program in May 2014. A PAC is being formed and the project is expected to begin August 1, 2014. 18.WRRF- 14 -12, Failsafe Potable Reuse Project at the City of San Diego's Advanced Water Purification Demonstration Facility (Contractor: Trussell Technologies) This project will develop and examine a conceptual framework for a direct potable reuse facility for the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) at the City of San Diego's newly upgraded Advanced Water Purification Demonstration Facility (AWPF). It is envisioned that the conceptual framework will address issues beyond the treatment plant, such as source control, required operator training and certification, product water delivery and mixing strategies /requirements, as well as a plan to provide an alternative potable water supply in emergency scenarios and to ensure that extreme events do not compromise public health. There could be other necessary components of this framework that have yet to be defined. However, these aspects of the framework are not the focus of the specific testing program of the project, which will focus on demonstrating that a proper combination of today's established treatment technologies and on -line monitors are capable of providing the backbone of a reliable potable reuse project. The AWPF treatment plant has been modified to incorporate redundancy, both in treatment processes and on -line monitors; so that it can be ensured that adequate barriers are always in place to protect public health. The AWPF also incorporates a robust treatment train with diverse processes that are able to address various contaminants at varying concentrations. The demonstration facility will be evaluated in a manner that aims to demonstrate that the environmental buffer used in today's potable reuse projects in California can be eliminated. The project will be highlighted by an expert panel workshop that will consider the knowledge base developed by the WateReuse Research Foundation to date in outlining specific guidelines that will better define the needs of a direct potable reuse facility. Per Senate Bill 918, the CDPH must report on the feasibility of direct potable reuse by the end of 2016 and a National Water Research Institute (NWRI) expert panel has been contracted with the State of California 16 July Update California Direct Potable Reuse Initiative - Research Update for CDPH Expert Panel 1 2014 to, among many other things, evaluate the feasibility of direct potable reuse. The primary goal of this project is to inform the panel discussion and engage the CDPH in concepts that will encourage direct potable reuse. Project Update: This project should start fall 2014 after successful contract negotiation between SDCWA, City of San Diego, WRRF, and Trussell. 19.WRA- 14 -01, Developing Direct Potable Reuse Guidelines (Contractor: NWRI) Project Duration: • Project Start - April 2014 • Draft Report Due - November 2014 • Estimated Publication Date - December 2014 The project will develop a White Paper with the purpose of identifying topics and issues that need to be addressed in the development of future national potable reuse guidelines. Guidelines for potable reuse would focus on issues such as public health protection, sufficient multiple barriers, risk assessment, water quality monitoring, and operation management. At present, six U.S. states (i.e., California, Texas, New Mexico, Oregon, Florida, and Arizona) have standards and /or guidelines for potable reuse under development, while many more are interested in receiving guidance. Federal guidelines on potable reuse do not currently exist and are not expected to be forthcoming. This White Paper will be developed by an Expert Panel conducted by NWRI. The panel will meet several times to develop a comprehensive source of information and expert judgment on DPR, eview current state standards and guidelines efforts, and review decision factors and public protection goals for DPR. The first expert panel meeting is expected to occur in August. In June, a conference call was conducted with the PAC, the Panel Chair (George Tchobanoglous), Joe Cotruvo (Panel member), and Jeff Mosher of NWRI. 17 July Update California Direct Potable Reuse Initiative - Research Update for CDPH Expert Panel 1 2014 Table 1. WRRF DPR Research Program 2011 - 2014 18 July Update Principal Expected WRRF In Kind Project # Research Project Title Research Focus Investigator Publication contribution Contribution WRRF -11 -01 Monitoring for Reliability and Process Control of Ian Pepper, University Regulatory - Process Dec -15 $400,000 $1,298,817 Potable Reuse Applications of Arizona Reliability WRRF -11 -02 Equivalency of Advanced Treatment Trains for Potable Rhodes Trussell, Regulatory - Jul -15 $375,000 $868,000 Reuse Trussell Technologies Treatment Demonstrating the Benefits of Engineered Direct Glen Boyd, Community, WRRF -11 -05 Potable Reuse versus Unintentional Indirect Potable The Cadmus Group Inc Regulatory May -14 $49,558 $10,000 Reuse Systems WRRF -11 -10 Evaluation of Risk Reduction Principles for Direct Andy Salveson, Carollo Regulatory - Jun -14 $73,407 $71,555 Potable Reuse Engineers Treatment Regulatory - WRRF -12 -06 Guidelines for Engineered Storage for Direct Potable Andy Salveson, Carollo Treatment, Jun -15 $100,000 $111,788 Reuse Engineers Community, Utility WRRF -12 -07 Methods for Integrity Testing of NF and RO Membranes Joe Jacangelo, MWH - Regulatory Process Feb -16 $300,000 $296,965 Reliability Mark Millan, Data WRRF -13 -02 Model Public Communication Plan for Advancing DPR Instincts; Patsy Community Sep -14 $337,125 $272,606 Acceptance Tennyson, Katz & Associates Critical Control Point assessment to quantify robustness WRRF -13 -03 and reliability of multiple treatment barriers of DPR Troy Walker, Hazen & Regulatory - Process Feb -16 $300,000 $238,969 scheme Sawyer Reliability WRRF-13-12 Evaluation of Source Water Control Options and the Alan Rimer, Black & Utility, Regulatory Feb -16 $150,000 $81,150 Impact of Selected Strategies on DPR I Veatch 18 July Update California Direct Potable Reuse Initiative - Research Update for CDPH Expert Panel 1 2014 19 July Update Development of Operation and Maintenance Plan and Troy Walker, Hazen & WRRF -13 -13 Training and Certification Framework for Direct Potable Utility Feb -16 $250,000 $85,000 Reuse (DPR) Systems Sawyer Assessment of Techniques to Evaluate and WRRF -13 -14 Demonstrate the Safety of Water from Direct Potable Channah Rock, Utility, Regulatory Feb -16 $275,000 $144,177 (WRF4508) University of Arizona Reuse Treatment Facilities WRRF -13 -15 Blending Requirements for Water from Direct Potable Andy Salveson, Carollo Utility Feb -16 $325,000 $403,310 (WRF4536) Reuse Treatment Facilities Engineers WRRF 14 01 Integrated Management of Sensor Data for Real Time TBD Regulatory - Process TBD $300,000 TBD Decision Making and Response Reliability WRRF -14 -02 Establishing additional log reduction credits for WWTPs TBD Regulatory TBD $400,000 TBD Treatment Develop Methology of comprehensive (fiscal /triple WRRF -14 -03 bottom line) analysis of alternative water supply TBD Utility TBD $250,000 TBD projects compared to DPR WRRF -14 -08 Economics of DPR Bob Raucher, Stratus Utility Jul -14 $25,000 0 Consulting Enhanced Pathogen and Pollutant Monitoring of the Eva Stein le-Darling, WRRF -14 -10 Colorado River Municipal Water District Raw Water Regulatory Feb -16 $100,000 $561,755 Carollo Production Facility at Big Spring Texas WRRF -14 -12 Failsafe Potable Reuse Project at the City of San Diego's Shane Trussell, Trussell Utility, Regulatory Dec -16 n/a $3,088,313 Advanced Water Purification Demonstration Facility Technologies WRA -14 -01 Developing Direct Potable Reuse Guidelines Jeff Mosher, NWRI Regulatory 14 -Dec $53,120 0 19 July Update California Direct Potable Reuse Initiative - Research Update for CDPH Expert Panel 12014 20 July Update